Crusades A paper essays

Crusades A paper essays Pope Urban II had called the Christians to join him in a Holy War to reclaim the Holy Lands as an act of Christianity, but there were many activities that took place that werent characteristics of Christianity. The Crusades were a smokescreen for Popes The Crusades were the idea of Pope Urban II, a wise Frenchman. On November 18, 1095 AD, Pope Urban II opened the Council of Clermont. Nine days later, the Pope made a very important speech just outside the French city of Clermont-Ferrand. In his speech, he asked the people to help the Christians effort to restore peace to the East. The Crusades had originally been to help the Churches in the East, but the now it was to reclaim the Holy Land, especially Jerusalem from the Muslims. Pope Urban II stayed in France until September 1096 in hopes of providing leadership for the First Crusaders. Urban had originally hoped for the crusading army to be composed of mostly knights and other warriors, but his speech had already began spreading throughout the west, and many people of different social classes started joining the crusading army. (Foss, Michael. pg. 23) Because of this Urban lost all control of the army, which led to the slaughter of Jews in northern France. These poor people also caused strain on the armies supplies and discipline. They were never trained and they were poor, so they couldnt bring anything and were poorly disciplined(Foss, Michael. pg. 24). The entire crusading army had planned on reaching the city of Constantinople, but because of their lack of supplies and training the vast majority of them were slaughtered before they got there. The few troops that did reach Constantinople split up into two groups. One group tried to capture Nicaea, a key city that blocked the road of their supply routes. This group was unsuccessful. The other group was attacked near the city of Civetot in October...

The loons essays

The loons essays Margaret Laurence was one of the great Canadian fiction writers who was born in neepawa, Manitoba in 1926. She spent her childhood without her parents and was raised by her aunt. She is best known for her Manawaka novels: The Stone Angel, A Jest of God, The Fire Dwellers and The Diviners, which are considered classics of Canadian literature. A bird in the house is one of the best fictions written by Margaret Laurence. A Bird in the House is a series of eight interconnected short stories narrated by Vanessa MacLeod as she matures from a child at age ten into a young woman at age twenty. Wise for her years, Vanessa reveals much about the adult world in which she lives. "A Bird in the House achieves the breadth of scope which usually associates with the novel and thereby is as psychologically valid as a good novel, and at the same time uses the techniques of the short story form to reveal the different aspects of the young Vanessa. In loons, Margaret Laurence successfully describes the alienation felt by the young Piquettte tonnerre, who represent an ethnic group rejected by a cruel society, due to the fact that they are different. Piquette, a half breed, neither Cree nor French, is forced to grow up in this cruel and cold society (197). When describing piquettes status, Laurence allows the reader to understand how the society of the time perceived them: The tonnerres were French half breeds, and among themselves they spoke a patois that was neither Cree nor French. Their English was broken and full of obscenities. They were, as... Grandmother Macleod would have put it, neither flesh, fowl, nor good salt herring (197). Grandmother Macleod will refuse to join the whole family in one of their trips, simply because ill piquette will also go, Piquette had the tuberculosis of the bone (197). Ewen, if that half- breed youngster comes along to the diamond lake, I&ap...

Memorandum of Law Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Memorandum of Law Assignment - Research Paper Example Reviewing and evaluating the legal aspects of decisions made at different situations is of paramount importance especially in this environment that is characterized by trickery and lies. Thus although your intentions towards charitable donations are geared towards enhancing the good of the society, relative relationships and agreements that you enter into need to be defined by legal provisions. From a legal point of view, it cannot be disputed that you were misled by Integral Health Facility into paying them that particular amount of money. Further, the health facility breached the contract and the legal implications of this are diverse. Although factual information regarding these has been analyzed in the preceding segment, the final decision with respect to the legal measures to take is still yours. To understand the element of fraud in this case, it would be important for you to be conversant with the legal constituents of this malpractice. To begin with, there needs to be a false statement in the entire scenario (May & Ides, 2009). This is instrumental in justifying the ‘material’ aspect of the fraud. In your case, this is apparent because the executives of Integral Health Center used a false statement that they would build the cancer facility in their institution. They also went ahead to promise to use your name as per your wishes. Undoubtedly, this influenced you into agreeing to cancel all other engagements and proceed with this. You can agree with me that this was never implemented; the facility was not built and your money is set to be used on other matters. Another important notion is the intent to deceive in the particular statement. Although this is not explicit in your case, the inherent lies justify the intention to deceive by the Integral Health Facility executives. This is implied by their failure to initiate any practical measures towards building the facility. Using

Evidence Based Monthly Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evidence Based Monthly Report - Essay Example The primary stakeholders of the program will be the students of Pine Ridge Middle School. Apparently noted, a huge figure of students is unable to use various facilities of Google in the context of education. Thus, we desire to improve the ability of the students towards using Google more efficiently. The other important stakeholders of the program will be the librarians and the teachers. The program will also help them to better manage the library resources and the procedure of information sharing. The program ‘Getting the Most out of Google’ will play an imperative role in enhancing the learning and literacy level of the students. Through this program, it is anticipated that students can access their required books or specific chapters of books within the campus. It is worth mentioning that ‘Getting the Most out of Google’ program will not only help the students in searching books, but will also prove to be quite useful for searching various images from the university library on varied subjects of interests (University of New England, â€Å"Getting the Most out of Google†). One of the key services of ‘Getting the Most out of Google’ program will be interlibrary services. Through this service, students can borrow books, articles and other educational resources provided by Pine Ridge Middle School. The other interlibrary service, which will be provided by the above discussed program include viewing articles as well as books easily. Students can always view variety of articles, books and educational resources that will certainly enhance their ability to learn and also literacy level at large. Furthermore, the students of Pine Ridge Middle School can also place request for a specific article. Apart from these, students can also have a discussion with the librarians regarding any information of books or reading materials. The interlibrary

International Terror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Terror - Essay Example Hindu; Chinese (Sinic); Orthodox; African; Japanese The Western: currently, the west dominates each aspect of international activity from politics to economy since it’s been very active in establishing the international organizations like IMF, UN and WTO among others. For example, the west has 3 seats out of 5 Security Council of the United Nations. It also promotes IMF economic policies and enforces them on other states. Other emerging powers like China will not accept to be regarded as inferior or be imposed upon some institutions. Possible outcomes are; that nations will seclude themselves from western polices like N.Korea is doing; â€Å"band-wagon† implying that nations will join nations that are on the rise in terms of values and institutions for example Turkey is joining the EU; and lastly countries will seek to counter- balance in terms of military and economy against the west i.e. Modernizing and not Westernizing. Islam: the Islam is increasing very dramatically and adopting the non western civilization and reiterating the quality of their own society. This does not means that Islamic nations won’t modernize, but will do so in ways unreceptive to the western. This is because they control important oil sources and are growing very fast demographically. Latin America: this includes the nations of South America. The conflict from this will basically from the religious point of view especially the Catholics and orthodox. However in other policies, the Latino Americans support the U.S policies which are aimed at strengthening international democracy, trade and investments. Brazil is considered a success in democracy. Hindu: religion is what the Hindus and Arabs have in common that distinguishes them from the Africans and the west. This is a culture of religion that originates from India. India is described as a torn Nation by Huntington and its alignment could fall in the â€Å"west vs.

Two Career Versus Single Career Families Essay Example for Free

Two Career Versus Single Career Families Essay Families with two working parents are more common today than in years past.   The percentage of stay at home parents has been dwindling since WWII when women started entering the job force at a rapid rate.   While there are plenty of working families, many families still have a stay at home parent, especially with very young children in the home.   The differences between two career and single career families can be noticed in their economical situation, in their involvement with their children, and in their recreational activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The financial situations of families with two working parents and families with one working parent vary.   Two career households typically bring in more revenue.   They also spend less on utilities on average because there are less household members in the family during the day.   Two career families often have daycare expenses, however, but these dwindle as children age and attend school. Depending on the career of the breadwinner, single career families typically make less money on average than families with two working parents.   Utilities and food costs could run a bit higher because more people are in the home more often than families where both parents work.   A bonus to having a stay at home parent is that there are relatively little or no costs associated with day care expenses. Overall, a family with two working parents will have a better financial situation than a single career family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another difference between a two career family and a one career family is the amount of and degree of involvement with the children.   Two career families often have a difficult time finding opportunities to volunteer in schools or take their children special places during the week due to their work schedules.   They are restricted by their employers on the amount of time that they can take off of work as well, so they may have to rely on babysitters or family members to do things such as take the children to scheduled appointments such as the doctor or dentist. Single career families, on the other hand, rarely have these issues.   A stay at home parent has more time and opportunity to do things like volunteer in the community or join groups where they have interaction with other parents and children.   If school age children are in the home, a stay at home parent can volunteer in the school, get the children from school if necessary and even do nice things like take them out to lunch once in awhile.   A stay at home parent also does not need to find alternate care for doctor and dentist appointments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another noticeable difference between two career families and single career families is the type of recreation that they engage in.   Often, when both parents work during the day, they fill their evenings catching up on their children’s activities and lives in between cooking dinner and catching up on household chores.   They often restrict their children’s’ extracurricular activities because there simply is not enough time to do everything.   Two career families can save up for family vacations when both parents can take time off. Single career families seem to have more children involved in more activities.   These families don’t restrict activities as much because there is someone at home during the day taking care of the chores; there is no catch up in the evening, so it is easier for everyone to do more things.   Single career families often do not take vacation because they cannot afford it and their schedules are full already with all of the extracurricular activities that the children are involved in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are advantages to both two career and single career families.   Two career families generally have more revenue and can save up for vacation time, but miss out on other valuable time with their children.   Single career homes have someone at home taking care of all of the necessary chores, so the family can enjoy more activities, but on average, they have less revenue to do things like take long vacations.   Either way, a family is a family, and the most important thing they can share is love.

Recruitment And Selection Construction Business Commerce Essay

Recruitment And Selection Construction Business Commerce Essay Since the company is a construction business, there are two offices one is the on site office and the other one is the main office. The recruitment and selection process is majorly carried out for the main office. The different posts for which recruitment is carried out are for the different departments such as marketing, human resource, finance and functional departments. The company does not carry out recruitment process on a timely basis; it is conducted as and when an employee leaves the organization or when a new position is recognized in the organization. Recruitment and selection Recruitment is the premier major steps in the selection process in the Organizations. It has been explained as an activity directed to obtain appropriate human resources whose qualifications and skills match functions of the relevant posts in the Organization. Its importance cannot be over-emphasized and can also be best described as the heart of the organization. Recruitment and selection process starts when a vacancy becomes available in an organization. The major differences between recruitment and selection is highlighted below Recruitment Selection Is the process of searching the candidates for employment and inspiring them to apply for jobs in the organization It Involves the series of steps by which the candidates are screened for  choosing the most suitable persons for  vacant posts The basic purpose of recruitments is to create a talent pool of candidates to enable the selection of best candidates for the organization, by attracting more and more employees to apply in the organization. The basic purpose of selection process is to choose the right candidate to fill the various positions in the organization Recruitment is a positive process i.e. encouraging more and more employees to apply . Selection is a negative process as it involves rejection of the unsuitable candidates. Recruitment is concerned with tapping the sources of human resources Selection is concerned with selecting the most suitable candidate through various interviews and tests There is no contract of recruitment established in recruitment Selection results in a contract of  service between the employer and the selected employee. Recruitment and selection is a 10-step process. These steps are illustrated in the following table Companys process The human resource department of the company carries out the following process for recruiting and selecting new employees. Every time an employee holding high post decides to leave the firm, the director of the company with the help of human resource department sits down to analyze the structure of the organization and studies whether any change is required. Change could be in the form of clubbing different job responsibilities or whether it is necessary to recruit a new employee. If there is a change in the structure, the employees are informed about it during the weekly meetings. If there is no change to be made to the structure then the recruitment and selection process is carried out Job analysis After the vacancy is confirmed, the HR department reviews the job description and job specification and makes the necessary changes if required. The job description contains items such as Job specification- lists the human qualifications necessary to do the job like- The employers of Empire construction search for the following skills in the employees Analytical Time management Planning Decision-making Problem solving Information seeking The selection process is then based on the job description and job specification. The HR head decides the weightage that each criterion will have in the selection of the employee Advertisement Advertisement is done to get suitable candidates aware about the vacant post. The company finds it necessary to be as transparent as possible while displaying the job advertisement. Some of the details mentioned in the job advertisement are All positions must be advertised for a minimum of five working days. The company recruits employees both internally and externally; this depends on the vacant post. For internal recruitment the vacant posts are advertised only internally, where the job details are posted on the notice board and the post is spoken about in the meetings. However internal recruitment in the company is limited since the workforce in the company is trivial. External advertisement The Company advertises the vacant post externally by using the newspaper. Also the company lets various job centers aware of the post. In the world of technology the company also uses various online websites such as naukri.com and monster.com to post about the job and get suitable candidates. Application process Following the advertisements the interested candidates are asked to fill up an application form, which is provided to them via email or can be collected from the main office. An example of the application form is attached below. Along with the application form the candidates are required to submit their CV. After all the applications are received the Hr department of the company screens applications and short-lists the suitable candidates. The short listed candidates are then asked to come for an interview; this information is passed to the suitable candidates using emails and phone calls. The rejected candidates are also sent a mail stating that they have been rejected for the job applied for. Interview The company head and the Hr manager together interview the short-listed candidates. Some of The basic interview questions they ask the candidates are listed below. Why do you want this job? What do you know about this company? What makes you think you will fit in this organization? What are your key strengths? What are your main weaknesses? The interview question that they ask are situational based and is largely dependent on the post applied for. One good example that the Hr head provided the author with was in relation to an interview for the sales head. The interviewee was handed with the brochure of the companys new project and was asked to point out reasons why the sales might or not take place with respect to that brochure. Once the interview is done, the HR team sits down together to verify the credentials. The right to work evidence, birth certificate, passport, visa and other such documents are taken into consideration during the interview process. Soon after the credentials are verified the process of ranking the applicants starts. The company carries out this process using the independent approach. Each member of the selection committee pens down their views and ranks the applicants on the basis of the criterion. After which the selection committee comes to a consensus where the applicant with the most merit is selected to fill the vacant position. In case of a conflict the general Manager of the firm will take the decision. Selection process is followed by then deciding the commencing salary of the employee. Salary is decided based on the experience, qualifications and also the post applied for. Applicants are considered suitable are ranked in order of preference. The task of completing reference checking of the applicants is handed over to rather the selection committee or the directors nominee. Reference checks are important to understand the ability of the applicant to carry out his duties of position in accordance with the criterion. Reference checking is not carried out for the applicants who were interviewed. In fact it is only done for the applicant who ranked the highest. If at all there is hardly any difference between two or more applicant then their reference can also be considered. If the selection committee decides to approach the referees that have not been nominated by the applicant, then they ought to take permission from the applicant before doing so. Retention process Effective employee retention is a systematic effort by employers to create and foster an environment that encourages current employees to remain employed by having policies and practices in place that address their diverse needs. Retaining existing staff saves the employers time and money of recruiting, selecting and training new employees. Empire constructions use several ways to retain their existing employees, Mr T.s Vig the Director of the company said that retention of the key employees is necessary for the project success. The company always has exit interviews for employees who decide to leave their jobs; these interviews have revealed some reasons why people leave the job. Such as Better salary package elsewhere More Benefits elsewhere Too much workload The various measures taken by the company in order to retain its employees are as the follows The company believes in having a very open communication system where no employee feels alienated and all employees feel like an important part of the organization. Making work not only about work, the company environment is very friendly. They celebrate all festivals with a lot of enthusiasm in the company, this brings all the employees closer as a group. Also the employees are allotted with special bonuses during some festivals for example during Diwali the employees are given half a months extra salary. Pay in order to retain the employees the company keeps upgrading the employees salary as time passes. Benefits- Empire constructions provides their workers with some benefits such asà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Paid vacationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Paid holiday à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sick leave, Fringe benefits are discussed in detail later. Pension- The employees of Empire constructions are given a pension when retiring; this motivates them to stay longer in the organization. Motivational strategies used by the company are to mainly make the more efficient and they also help in retaining them, as motivated employees are happy employees. This aspect is explained in the later part of the assignment 1.2 Apply legal, regulatory and ethical considerations to the selection process Ethics is a set of principles to be followed that suggest what is right and what is wrong. No discrimination on any basis is one of the laws which has to be followed but it also an ethical responsibility of the employers and the management. Being in a construction business ethics plays a vital role since the business utilizes manpower like none other. With having unskilled labor the company needs to follow ethical practices in order to not harm anyone. Regulatory Once the final negotiations are done the following formalities are essential to convert the candidate into an employee.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reference Checks  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pre employment medical tests  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Documentation: Educational certificates and previous organizational records   The above-mentioned regulations are for only the main office staff. Legal There are several laws the company will have to follow and are mandatory Minimum age- according to Article 8 of Part II of the Indian law system Minimum Age initially specified was 16 years but was raised to 18 years in 1989. According to this law all the employees if the company should be over the age of 18. Empire construction does not recruit anyone who is below the age of 18. One of the eligibility criteria that the company follows is that the age of the candidate should be over 18. According to Indian contract act of 1872 all the employees are made to sign a contract at the start of their work. Minimum wages- The Indian law system specifies a minimum wage and all the employees should be paid more than that. Empire constructions for the skilled and unskilled labor obey this law and pay the employees accordingly. This act is more applicable for the unskilled workers working at the construction sites. Being in the construction business Empire construction has to follow The Building Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 This act looks was enacted for safety, health and welfare measures of construction workers. The Act contains provision for http://business.gov.in/legal_aspects/laws_specificindustries.php Amongst the other mentioned laws the company also has an obligation to follow The Equal Remuneration Act, 1973(for woman) and The Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959. 2 High performance teams are truly seen as winning teams that invest much time and effort exploring, shaping and agreeing on a purpose that belongs to them, both collectively and individually. They are characterized by a greater sense of commitment to their growth and success. Evaluate how to build winning teams. Assess the benefits of team working A team is any group of people organized to work together interdependently and cooperatively to meet the needs of their customers by accomplishing a purpose and goals. Susan Heathfield Empire construction utilizes project teams. In the company several people of different functional groups come together and work on a project, this has many benefits for the organization some of them are listed below. Efficiency- Teamwork leads to higher efficiency, which will evidently is beneficial for Empire constructions. Teamwork in Empire construction aids in getting the projects undertaken in the most efficient manner. Morale- working in teams helps employees have higher morale and feel more comfortable and well adjusted in the organization. Higher employee morale helps in their retention. Information Preservation- working in teams, all information about activities are shared, hence protecting the company from loss of important work when someone leaves the company. Sharing information can cut down on time spent learning valuable information a former employee understood well. Innovationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨- Brainstorming for ideas and pooling in resources makes innovation likely for the company. In Empire constructions the project team sit together and analyze projects and brainstorm ideas and this usually leads to innovative ideas. Reduced Waste- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Team working reduces chances of duplication of efforts and streamline production. Unity- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Working in teams fosters a sense of unity and this overall benefits the company by creating a work atmosphere enjoyed by the staff. Project teams are also vital for Empire construction since without it the success of projects would be challenging, each individual working independently on one common project would create a lot of chaos and duplication of work will be high. Demonstrate working in a team as a leader and member towards specific goals dealing with any conflict or difficult situation. Conflict is the perception of difference of interest among people (Thompson, 1998,p.4) Conflict management and problem solving skills are important for all leaders to possess. It is important to understand the reasons of conflicts . Most of the conflicts that happen in teams are due to the difference in ideas and the problems that arise are due to individuals but have an effect on the entire team. Stulberg (1987) identified traits common to all disagreements; He called them the Five-Ps of Conflict Management and these are shown below. Conflict management, source- Stulberg (1987) http://www.innovativeteambuilding.co.uk In empire construction for conflict management the team leader listens to all the people and then brainstorms and understands the conflict then comes up with a solution. The author would recommend the company to use Interest-Based Relational (IBR) Approach for conflict management. This approach respects individual differences and helps in people not becoming too embedded in a fix position. All the team members of the company would have to follow the following rules in using this approach. Make sure that good relationships are the first priority: During conflicts all the people involved should be courteous and calm, also should try to be constructive under pressure. Keep people and problems separate: During a conflict other personal issues should not be kept under consideration, this will help in dealing with real issues without damaging working relationships. Pay attention to the interests that are being presented: Listen carefully to the other person Listen first; talk second: To solve a problem effectively you have to understand where the other person is coming from before defending your own position. Set out the Facts: Before trying to argue or try to manage conflicts the leader should know all the facts about the conflict. Explore options together: Be open to the idea that a third position may exist, and that you can get to this idea jointly. Review the effectiveness of a team in achieving the goals. Effectiveness of teams refers to how efficient the team is while achieving their goals. For an effective team all employees should be more proactive and self-sufficient, hence employee empowerment can help improve team effectiveness. In empire constructions the effectiveness of team is vital to achieve the goals. Being a construction company they have deadlines to meet and their main goal is to complete projects within the time and budget and with good quality. To achieve their goals and targets Empire construction utilizes several ways to increase the effectiveness of project teams. The company sets clear goals in the start and these are clearly communicated to all the team members since to achieve the goals the goals and objectives should be clearly known by all the team members. The team leader to review the effectiveness of the team in achieving goals conducts regular project meetings. To have effective teams during the start of the project the project plan is created where all the team members are allotted with different responsibilities and roles. From the past trend of the company it can be seen that all their deadlines are mostly met and hence it can be said that the teams in Empire construction are efficient and effect The author feels that the company can make use of team building evaluation attached below to review the effectiveness of the teams. Team Building Evaluation Scale: 1= Strongly Disagree, 2= Disagree, 3= Agree, 4= Strongly Disagree http://www.janssensportsleadership.com/resources/free-championship-team-building-evaluation/ LEADERSHIP- Leadership means influencing people so that they will strive willingly towards the achievement of group goals A leader is a person who has the ability to get other people to do what they dont want to do and like it There are two types of leaders in every organization official leader and informal leader. An official leader is the one who has been established by the organization and has the right to delegate or give orders to co-workers in the firm. An unofficial leader is the one who has the natural ability to be a leader and has the ability to influence people. In empire constructions the Directors of the company are the official leaders. Since it is a construction company the roles are very distinguished. Responsibilities are not clubbed together and given to one employee it is widely distributed among the employees. There is an importance of a leader in every organization. In most cases, people will perform at about 60% of their potential with no leadership at all. Thus, an additional 40% can be realized if effective leadership is available There are several skills and attributes needed for leadership Skill/Attribute   Self-Awareness   An effective leader should be self-aware. Should know own strengths and weaknesses.   Self-Management   A leader should hold themselves responsible for every decision made   Relationship Building   An effective leader should be able to establish meaningful relationships.   Communication Skills   An effective leader should be able to engage in active listening and open dialogue while working in a group or team   Ethical Practices   A leader should have defined and established personal values   Team Development   An effective leader should actively contribute to the teams seasonal goals and objectives   Leading Change A leader should be able to implement changes for improvement and betterment of the organization.   Project and Program Effectiveness A leader should be able to organize, delegate, and evaluate the impact of a future project   Systems Thinking   A leader should possess critical thinking skills to understand and to deal with dissimilar environments. Motivate employees An effective leader should be able to motivate the employees to get work done from them. The table below highlights the skills and attributes needed for leadership. https://sites.google.com/site/karamartinsleadershipportfolio/home/11-skills-and-attributes Leadership in empire constructions The company has several leaders and they are primarily the directors of the company. All the three directors who are basically the leaders are self-aware and self managed. The leaders of the company are friendly with the staff and tend to inspire and motivate the staff. The directors take all the major decisions, which involve change, so it can be said that they lead change in the organization for the betterment. Difference between leadership and management Managers are people who do things right, while leaders are people who do the right thing.- Warren Bennis. There are several differences between a leader and a manager. In empire construction the directors are the leaders whereas there are several managers such as project manager, marketing manager etc. Time- managers work for a particular time period of the day whereas being a leader is about being responsible 24 hours. Manager takes tactical decisions whereas a leader takes strategic decisions. The director being the leader takes strategic decisions such as which project to undertake and about future expansions, the tactical decisions such as how many brochures to print are taken by the managers. Roles and responsibilities-Leaders are responsible for a broader range of responsibilities that managers are. Mr. T.S Vig being the leader in empire constructions is responsible or the entire company whereas the managers in the company are responsible of only a certain tasks. Influence on others- Leaders inspire and motivate people, whereas managers being in authority instruct and order employees. Risk taking- managers follow predetermined rules and regulations of the company whereas a leader will challenge the status quo. In empire constructions the managers work on establishing tasks whereas the leader is rather radical in his thinking. Vision- A leader is a dealer in hope Napolean(1769-1821) A leader has a strong vision whereas managers lack that and abide by the company procedures. The table below highlights the skills and roles of managers and leaders. Management Leadership Do things right Do the right thing Doing whats right Knowing whats right Directing and controlling others Motivating and inspiring others Delegating tasks to subordinate Empowering followers Follow orders from senior executives Inspire others to follow a shared vision Conform to norms of the organization Create and foster a change culture Problem solvers Innovators Official position of responsibility within the organization Traits within people, irrespective of their rank Position Action Planning, directing, monitoring Strategic decision making Listened to by others Respected, appreciated, liked and trusted by others Achievement of objectives through compliance of others Achievement of objectives through acceptance and willingness of followers Analysis Decisiveness Learned skills Natural instincts Organization of staff Support and guidance for followers. Management and Empire construction At times the companies leaders play the role of managers for running the company effectively since it is a small business. This is not very desirable since leaders and managers portray different traits and strengths to meet the organizations objectives. However the company does have several managers responsible for varied tasks. Rajkumar Singh is the site manager for one of the projects and he manages the site office of that project. His job is to ensure that all the work at the project site is being conducted appropriately and meets the predetermined quality, time and budget. He being the manager instructs all the workers about the work to be done on the site. Leadership styles There are three unique leadership styles highlighted in the diagram below. Figure 11- leadership styles, Fieldwork- source of information; Paul hoang (2007).  business and management. australia: IBID press. 750 A specific leadership style cannot be determined for the organization because the style varies from leader to leader. Leadership style undertaken depends on the relationship between the leader and his sub-ordinates and also the leaders thinking about his subordinates. The organization makes use of situational leadership style, which means that the leaders and managers do not follow a particular approach towards leadership but make use of a mix of autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire leadership style. The owners of the firm who do not make decisions based on departments but make them considering the 360-degree approach adapt situational leadership. In the company Autocratic style is adapted when result or deadlines are supposed to be met in a short period of time. The marketing head adapts to this leadership style when it comes to putting up the advertisement hoardings and placing orders for standees. The staff is often seen de motivated because there is lack of input from their side. This de-motivation has been observed by the communication during the daily tea breaks when the employees get together to discuss general matters. The company undertakes democratic leadership style during various situations; in the meetings conducted the employees are consulted for problem solving and decision-making. This motivates them and makes them feel important for the organization. For small daily decisions such as how many more plain sheets for the printer should be ordered etc, laissez-faire leadership style is used within the organization. Leadership theories Contingency theory of leadership- this theory suggests that there is no one best way to manage or lead and organization since whats best in one situation is might not necessarily work in some other situation. The Fiedler Contingency Model states that there is no one best style of leadership. Instead, a leaders effectiveness is based on the situation. This is the result of two factors leadership style and situational favorableness (later called situational control) This theory applies to the chosen organization since the leadership style undertaken is situational based. Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory-This theory states that instead of using just one style, successful leaders should change their leadership styles based on the maturity of the people theyre leading and the details of the task. Using this theory, leaders should be able to place more or less emphasis on the task, and more or less emphasis on the relationships with the people theyre leading, depending on whats needed to get the job done successfully. According to Hersey and Blanchard, there are four main leadership styles based on the behavior of subordinates, these are illustrated below. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_44.htm The Hersey Blanchard model is applicable to the chosen organization since not only the leadership style varies with the situation but it also varies with the staff. In any given situation not all employees are instructed equally for example when a deadline is to be met a rather autocratic style is adapted by the leaders however it is fairly difficult for the leaders to direct each employee so some of them who have high skills and willingness may not be directed as much with leadership style for them being delegating and not telling. Motivation Motivation is the The general desire or willingness of someone to do something. For a firm to be successful it is important for the employees to be motivated. Motivation can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is the motivation that the employees feel from within, self-motivated people. These people usually choose their interests and hobbies as their career. Extrinsic motivation is when employees need to be motivated through external factors like money or non-monetary ways. Managers in a firm can inspire their employees in different ways; money may not always be the key to the employees happiness. The managers of Empire construction use time and attention to motivate their employees. They motivate their employees financially and non-financially. It is important for the managers to understand which employee is motivated by which factor. The company makes this analysis during the interviews; Where the HR head takes the final interviews. The employees ask certain set of questions, which help the firm to understand which motivational factor is important to them. For eg- if they ask about the salary then money could be a criteria. Financial motivation- Salary- Salaries are payments made each month. The employees of Empire construction are paid monthly instead of yearly, this helps improve the cash flow of the company, and also it motivates the employees to work efficiently every month. Bonus- is when an extra or an unexpected increase in efficiency of the employee has contributed to the firm. This helps the company in two ways one that employee is motivated and second that it helps the company improve its overall performance. The chosen organization does make use of cash bonus to motivate the employees. Loyalty bonus is paid to the employees who have stayed with the company for a certain length of time. The company also gives the employees a Diwali bonus, which consists of a months salary. Pay rise- the salary of employees is increased with time in order to motivate them. Fringe benefits- All payments and benefits to an employee in addition to the salaries. Recommendations- If a customer comes through an